Bush thickening (BT) and bush encroachment (BE) present significant challenges for land users, driven by the densification of both alien and indigenous woody species such as Senegalia mellifera (black thorn), Vachellia species, and Prosopis (mesquite). Bush encroachment occurs when these woody species establish in areas where they previously did not exist, while bush thickening involves the natural densification of species already present.
In the past decade, woody cover due to bush thickening and encroachment has nearly doubled across many commercial, communal, and conservation-managed rangelands. The Savanna biome, encompassing both grasses and woody species, is particularly vulnerable, spanning large areas of the Limpopo, North West, and Northern Cape provinces. This biome is extensively utilized for livestock production, wildlife conservation, and subsistence farming.
Impact on Land Users
The increased density of woody species disrupts the grass-woody balance, negatively impacting the socio-economic value of the land. The loss of palatable forage species essential for livestock production can significantly reduce economic value for land users. This imbalance is exacerbated by factors such as infrequent fires, poor grazing practices, climate change-induced droughts, and elevated CO2 levels, leading to land degradation and a loss of crucial ecosystem services.
Methods of Control
To address these challenges, land users employ various restoration methods, including bush-clearing technologies. These methods range from chemical and manual to mechanical and biological approaches. Carabiner offers a range of products designed to assist in bush clearing, such as CapaciT and Rangefinder, which are particularly effective in chemical control. While aerial application of arboricides can cover large areas quickly, manual and mechanical methods combined with chemical applications allow for more selective targeting of species.
Restoring Degraded Rangelands
Restoration of degraded rangelands is crucial for both environmental and socio-economic reasons. Techniques like brush-packing (BP) are cost-effective and labor-intensive methods that do not require fenced paddocks or rotational grazing. BP involves covering the soil with organic material, promoting grass growth and protecting seedlings. Research from North-West University highlights the effectiveness of BP in increasing grass biomass, thereby restoring grazing capacity. This approach aligns with Carabiner’s commitment to sustainable land management practices.
Impact Statistics
According to recent studies, the Savanna biome has experienced a near doubling of woody cover in the last decade, significantly affecting commercial, communal, and conservation-managed rangelands. The imbalance in vegetation composition due to bush thickening and encroachment has led to a substantial decline in the availability of palatable forage species, impacting the socio-economic value of these lands.
Research and Development
The Natural Resource Management programs in South Africa, such as ‘Working for Water’ and ‘Working for Ecosystems,’ focus on controlling invasive species and implementing sustainable practices. These initiatives, supported by research, provide valuable insights into effective restoration methodologies.
At Carabiner, we understand the importance of addressing bush thickening and encroachment with innovative solutions. Our products are designed to support land users in managing these challenges effectively, ensuring the sustainability and productivity of their rangelands.
By integrating Carabiner’s advanced chemical solutions with proven restoration techniques, land users can enhance the ecological and economic value of their land, contributing to a more sustainable future.